Write a journal article summary 2 pages summarizing the research Essay

Write a journal article summary 2 pages summarizing the research article using guidelines for journal article summary - Essay Example Psychological benefits of exercise include an individual acquiring an internal locus of control, an increase in confidence, self-control, perception and sexual satisfaction while it decreases anxiety, hostility, tension and depression. Researchers have studied the relationship between self-concept and exercise with the view of determining if exercise improves self-concept in the recent past; this field of research is still growing and more research needs to be done to prove the connection. Thus, the research detailed in the article focuses on the psychological effect of exercise on male and female students. The research study used 22 participants of which 14 were male and 8 were female. The participants were university students who voluntarily offered to participate in the study. The study used two instruments for data collection: the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSSP) and Berscheid, Walster and Bohrnstedt Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ). The PSSP assesses self-perception within the physical domain, and it contained four subdomain scales consisting of six items that were to be contrasted with two descriptions, e.g., people with unattractive or attractive bodies. The BIQ instrument is a questionnaire that was used to assess the participant’s satisfaction with body parts (Asci, 2002). The procedure of the research involved random assigning of the 22 participants to experimental and control groups that were equated by gender. The experimental group consisted of 11 participants, and the control group had the remaining number of participants. The experimental group participated in 10-week long step dance sessions that lasted 50 minutes in three days of the week. Their session was broken down to 10 minutes of warm-up, 25 minutes of step dance, 10 minutes of floor exercises and 5 minutes of cool-down, of which the heart rate of each participant was checked after each session. The control group did not participate in any physical activity for the

We Are Not Responsible for Our Actions Essay Example for Free

We Are Not Responsible for Our Actions Essay Critically asses the view that we are not responsible for our actions Is it true that the society we live in, we have the right to make and produce our own decisions and its purely down to each individual to any actions they produce? In this essay I will explore if we have the right to be responsible for any action we take. Some may believe its down to God and his decisions, obviously, this cannot be proved, however surely each human have the right to be responsible for any actions. This question comes down to; do we have free will or is it determinism? A key case which questioned this question would be the Darrow trial. Successfully, the Lawyer was able to reduce the death penalty to life imprisonment, blaming that it was other factors such as power that made them do this action. He therefore believed that we are all not responsible for our action other factors must also be responsible not purl down to that individual. A prime example of an ethical theory which backs up this trial is Determinism. This means all our actions all have prior causes going back to the first cause which is God, therefore any evil action is inevitable. Determinism states that freedom of choice is just an illusion and so personal responsibility is a meaningless concept, as are the blame and punishment. This sort of determinism would be hard determinism. Therefore, determinism followers would reject that we have free will. Hard determinism followers such as John Hospers said that there is always something which compels each human to externally and internally perform an action that we would consider was the result of our own free will. He says â€Å"it is all a matter of luck†. Hospers would strongly agree that we are not responsible for any actions. He believes in other factors. Carrying on from this, behaviourism is an extreme modern version of hard determinism. It states that all our actions are due to the social conditioning and subconscious influences. John B. Watson discussed psychological behaviourism. He suggested that our behaviour is influenced by heredity and environment. By manipulating the environment an individual’s behaviour can be alerted. All theories of determinism are influenced by Isaac Newton’s physics.

Properties and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Properties and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles AVINASH YALAMANCHILI   History One of the meaning of nanotechnology shows research and invention technology at the macromolecular levels with a length size of roughly 1-100 nm in any measurement. The creation and utilization of structures, gadgets, and frameworks which have hardcover properties because of their tiny size. The unexpected development of nanoparticles along these lines do not come under what we meant. It is assessed that today almost 320 tons per year of nano silver are delivered. Around 120 years back, in 18th century, M. C. Lea who   identified and explained the union of a citrate stabilized silver colloid and from this we come to know that the normal breadth for the particles are in the area around 7 and 9 nm and in addition to that   the adjustment of nano silver using proteins has been described from over 1902 and Other nano silver arrangements were additionally developed in the following years, for instance the gelatin settled silver nano particles were officially   licensed by the name M oudry in 1953.It is hard to note that the innovators who invented the nano silver definitions grasp decades back that the suitability of the innovation required nanoscale silver and to satisfy these rules the silver must be scattered in such a way that the particles of colloidal measure under less than 25 and right now there are numerous items which uses both the silver and silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles have been united into a range of cellulosic materials, for example, filter paper, cotton texture, and cellulose gels. Silver and some other metals have been utilized for some particular length of time to store consumable water, and the antibacterial properties of follow amounts of these metal are well-known. The surface zone of the most part is more famous than the bulk metal and is more bioactive when it is seen as a result. Silver nanoparticles have been utilized already in water filtration applications. Silver nanoparticles will be nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size. Even though we call some as silver some are prepared out of a huge rate of silver oxide because of their vast proportion of surface-to-mass silver iotas. Various states of nanoparticles can be built relying upon the current application and the most commonly use are circular silver nanoparticles yet precious stone, octagonal and thin sheets are known to be popular. The prope rties of silver nanoparticles which are fit to human medicines are under scrutiny in research center and creature thinks about, evaluating potential, ability to work, harmfulness, and other expenses. structure and synthesis In physical procedures, metal nanoparticles are by and large blended by evaporation and condensation, which could be done utilizing a tube heater at climatic weight. The source material inside a watercraft focused at the heater is vaporized into a transporter gas. Nanoparticles of different materials, for example, Au, Pbs and fullerene, have beforehand been created utilizing the vanishing procedure There is developing enthusiasm for using the optical properties of silver nanoparticles as the utilitarian part in various items and sensors. Silver nanoparticles are known to be productive at discarding and scrambling light and, not at all like many colors and shades, have a shading that depend mostly   on the size and the state of the molecule and strong correspondence of the silver nanoparticles with light occurs in light of the way that the conduction electrons on the metal surface experience a total faltering when empowered by light at specific wavelengths Known as a surface plasm on reverberation, this wavering outcomes in unusual solid dispersed amount and control of some   properties. silver nanoparticles can have powerful control cross segments up to ten circumstances bigger than their physical cross area. The strong scattering cross region considers sub 100 nm nanoparticles to be satisfactory with a routine amplifying instrument and when 60 nm silver nanoparticles are l it up with white light they appear as unbelievable blue point source scatters under a diminish field amplifying instrument. The blue shading is relied upon to a SPR that is peaked at a 450nm wavelength. A property of roundabout silver nanoparticles is that this SPR best wavelength can be changed from 400 nm to 530 nm by changing the particle assess and the area refractive rundown near the atom surface. Substantially greater developments of the SPR peak wavelength out into the infrared area of the electromagnetic range can be expert by conveying silver nanoparticles with the plate shapes Characterization electron magnifying lens was mostly utilized to choose the size, shape and the dispersion of size   of the silver nanoparticles. Setting up of tests are done by setting a drop of working arrangement and that are over a carbon-covered standard copper framework working at 80 kV. FT-IR examinations were completed on a Bruker Equinox 55 Spectro photometer. Silver solution was inspected as In order to prepare the silver-nanoparticles ,the things which were used are known to be   AgNO3   arrangement and CTAB, separately, as a metal salt antecedent and a balancing out operator. Aniline arrangement was additionally utilized as a diminishing operator. The straightforward dull response blend containing AgNO3 + CTAB was changed over to the trademark light yellow shading after the expansion of a required arrangement of aniline. The presence of shading was clearly identified as the development of silver nanoparticles. Transmission regular by customary technique like under some specific circ umstances by using a thin kbr pellet. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are critical for their conduct, bio-dispersion, security, and adequacy. In this manner, portrayal of ag nanoparticles are essential so as to assess the useful parts of the integrated particles. Portrayal is performed utilizing an assortment of logical methods and in which includes UV-vis spectroscopy, X-beam diffractometry, Fourier change infrared spectroscopy, X-beam photoelectron spectroscope, dynamic light disseminating , checking electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy , and nuclear drive microscopy . A few eligible books and surveys have clearly exhibited the standards and using of different sorts of explanatory strategies for the portrayal of Ag nanoparticles; like in such a way as, the nuts and bolts  Ã‚   of the essential systems utilized for the portrayal of Ag nanoparticles are in a situation that they are   beneath for simplicity of of their capability. For instance, portrayal of Ag nanoparticles utilizing d ifferent systematic procedures arranged from culture crystallizing of Bacillus species and UV-Vis spectroscopy is the most critical method and the least complex approach to affirm the development of nanoparticles. This is how the silver nanomaterial characterization looks like from various techniques Mechanical properties: A standout amongst the most widely recognized systems of silver nanoparticles antibacterial movement mostly depends on their basic partiality for holding that is available in cysteine, which is called a building piece of the protein bacterial cell divider and so the enzymatic capacity of proteins are offensive and the chain of cell breath is interfered. In the meantime some different compounds and dehydrogenase are crushed. It has been assessed that silver nanoparticles are more powerful against Gram-negative microorganisms, which is identified with contrasts in the development of cell dividers of both gatherings of microscopic organisms. Advantages and disadvantages: These are used in conductive Coatings as Silver nanowires can be utilized to give conductive coatings to straightforward conduits and adaptable gadgets and also used as Plasmonic Antennas in such a way as Metallic nanoparticles connected to silver nanowires work as reception apparatuses improving plasmonic action for detecting and imaging applications   and coming to Sub-atomic Sensing, these are Single layers of silver nanowires have been utilized to build exhibits for particle particular detecting in conjunction with Raman Spectroscopy. Silver nanoparticles have been utilized broadly as hostile to bacterial specialists in the wellbeing business, nourishment stockpiling, also used in material coatings for different metals and various ecological applications. It is vital to note that notwithstanding of many years of utilization, the proof of presence of poisonous quality of silver is still uncertain. Items made with ag nano particles have been endorsed by a scope of authorize bodies. The danger of using nanoparticles of silver to people is for the most part low and in the most cases very low and also it can be seen if enough care is not taken. Skin contact with materials containing silver is one of the fundamental ways individuals are presented to silver nanoparticles . At the point when all is said in done, buyer things release simply little measures of silver, not realizing important prosperity impacts. Nano particles are known to be devoured by the skin. Broken skin, or skin with cuts and wounds, may offer climb to less complex and facilitate absorption of nanoparticles into the circulatory framework and translocation in the body Uses: Silver Nano particles have applications in finding out and treatment of cancer and are medication transporters which are very useful, which are utilized as a part of eye watch over which covers contact lenses. likewise, the utilization of silver nanomaterials in mix with vanadium oxide in battery cell segments is one case of cutting edge silver nanotechnology which also deals in battery execution in cutting edge dynamic implantable therapeutic gadgets. Silver nanoparticles also used in dental instruments and gauzes very much. Furthermore, joining nanoparticles in endodontic filling materials gave a fundamentally improved hostile to bactericidal and dental glues are likewise exceptionally powerful against streptococci without any influence on the glue mechanical properties, accordingly empowering their utilization in orthodontic medicines. Environmental effects: Silver nanomaterials, for instance, can disintegrate to shape silver particles in a particular arrangement and these are viewed and believed to be as nontoxic to people at sensible fixations however can influence the development of fish incipient organisms. The development of ionic silver is not just reliant or depend on the built properties of the nanomaterial but they are also even when it comes to size and shape and in addition to that subject to changes from ecological introduction. The utilization of antibacterial silver nanomaterials in items like toys or any types of materials   made people worried about that like as they may have some poisonous nature that may effect skin or like by smell. Especially materials like nanoparticles may look extreme dangerous and this is because of their nature. On the other side the techniques and the modifications done to them which affect their natural behavior but it also helps in holding their properties of antibacterial techniques. In water treatment plants these nano silver particles were found in sewage slime,and in which it shows that   these particles must enter the water framework. But in any of these cases anyway they are not clear. A number of particles may connect in the soil and they may dissolve in the soil and some may not and in some cases, these particles may have the chance to stay in surface water and after that they may consume by the living organisms or it may slowly dissolve in it. References: Li, W. R; Xie, X. B.; ..Shi, Q. S.;, Zeng.., H. Y.;, Ou-Yang, Y. S.; Chen, Y B. Appl Microbiol.. Biot.echnol. 2010, 85(4), 1115-22. Korbekandi H, Iravani S. Silver nanoparticles, the delivery of nanoparticles. In: Hashim Abbass A., editor, ISBN: 978-953-51-0615-9, InTech; 2012. C. Krish.naraj, E.G. Jaga.n, S. Rajase.kar Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens M. Gondwal, G.J.N. Pant Biological evaluation and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Calotropis procera Hussain SM, Hess KL, Gearhart JM, Geiss KT, Schlager JJ. In vitro toxicity of   the silver nano particles   in BRL 3A rat liver. cells. Toxicol In Vitro www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2015/624394/ www.beyondpesticides.org/programs/antibacterials/nanosilver/environmental-effects

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, along with severe impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and cognitive development (1,2,3). If the brain is responsible for behavior then it should follow that disordered autistic behaviors should be explainable in terms of brain abnormalities and disordered neurobiological processes. While findings are generally speculative and the etiology of the disorder remains somewhat of an enigma, there is significant evidence that autism is associated with neurobiological dysfunction. Autistic individuals are often highly socially withdrawn to the extent that they may appear to live in a world of their own. Infants typically fail to develop normal attachments to parents or caregivers. They may seem indifferent to other's gestures of affection towards them, and may even resist being held or otherwise engaged in physical or emotional interaction. They tend to make little or no use of eye contact, smiling, facial expressions, gestures, and other signals of social intent. They continue to manifest many of the same social impairments throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. For example, they typically fail to develop normal peer relationships and they generally demonstrate an impairment in social-emotional reciprocity. Normal displays of emotion or empathy are uncommon: they do not generally offer comfort to others, nor do they seek others for comfort in their own times of distress. Similarly, they lack the ability to share in the enjoyment of other's pleasure and they resist sharing their own enjoyment with others. Res... ...m/p00.html#A 7)Autism and the Limbic System http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 8)Brain Lesions Linked to Autism http://www.apnet.com/inscight/020/199//grapha.htm 9)Researchers Identify Brain Abnormalities in Autistic Children http://www2.ari.net/rjohnson/articles/AUTISM.1.ANR.html 10)Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Autism http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/psychiatry/CPS/41.html 11)Progress in the Neurobiology of Autism http://www.cme-reviews.com/CNS398_rapin.html 12)Secretin: A Treatment for Autism? (Autism Biomedical Information Network) http://www.autism-biomed.org/secretin.htm 13)Secretin Information (Autism Research Institute) http://www.autismwebsite.com/ari/secretin2.html 14)The Use of Secretin to Treat Autism (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) http://www.nih.gov/redirect/nichd-redirect.html

The Psychology Behind Effective Persuasion and Ways to Resist It

MENESES, DEXTER T. 12-58679 1:00 pm- 2:30 pm Topic: The psychology behind effective persuasion and ways to resist it. I. Background of the study Every day, people are exposed to hundreds of persuasive messages in one form or another. These persuasive messages can be found on television commercials, product ads, billboards, and even on people’s clothing. The researcher noticed that advertisements and other types of persuasive messages are so overwhelmingly widespread nowadays that people are no longer able to filter out those that matter and those that are unwanted.It is also a norm for persuasive messages to employ proven persuasive methods that exploit the psychology of the human mind. The researcher chose this topic to be able to understand how persuasion methods lead the human mind to comply. Moreover, what are the ways to resist unwanted persuasion? II. Significance of the study Being aware of how the persuasive messages exploit the loopholes in human psychology and how th ey easily cause people to comply can make readers realize that these messages they encounter everyday largely influence their decisions and can possibly cause unwanted outcomes. Read also Memory – ForgettingIt will teach them to value their own free will and to avoid their tastes, views and even their identities from being manipulated in an environment that is heavily dominated by commercialism and colonialism. This study will also teach the readers of how the brain works under persuasion. Lastly, it will help them to think rationally and be warned of potential deception before complying. III. Statement of the problem Persuasive messages employ specific persuasion methods that IV. Objectives

Erp Implementation

Transforming Education Transforming India LETTER 2012 www. lpu. in Table of Content Introduction to Fatletter Freshmen Induction 2012 Lovely Professional University Campus Terminologies and abbreviations Academics and Examination Fee and Accounts UMS We Value what you say (Student Relationship) Parent Relationship Student Activities Residential Services Health Services Safety and Security Wannabuy Support Services Facilities available outside campus Vendors Details Academic Calender List of Holidays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 FAT LETTERIntroduction to We congratulate you on associating with India's Largest University1, thereby building an association with a University known for providing Quality Education. Stepping into a new phase of your life that shall in true sense mould your future in the making of a world class prolific professional, we understand the oddment and dubieties you would be experiencing and therefore to incubate you with the culture, acculturati on and academic system of Lovely Professional University, we have provided you with this handbook to guide and counsel you.It contains all the germane information that a student requires while embarking on the professional education at University. We urge you to read this hand book and refer to it throughout your programme. It blankets information about all the aspects of a student's life – be it academics, campus life, hostel life or the numerous services/facilities provided by the University. It also provides an insight on various extra-curricular activities like cultural, sports, literary, social and creative.Utilize these varied platforms is an easy way to become a part of the University community and thus create one's own LPU experience. 1 in terms of number of students on a single campus Freshmen Induction Lovely Professional University has taken the initiative of ‘transforming India' by truly ‘transforming education' as necessitated by the world in the pres ent scenario. It aspires at enlightening the youth to rediscover the positivism that dwells within them and pursuit them to take a step forward to become a ‘Verto'-the true transformers.LPU purports to become a â€Å"Proudly Indian, Truly global† University thus believing in an exposure that could match the global standards while respecting the traditions and values of India. In order to inculcate you the system of the University, Freshman Induction is planned before the beginning of your professional career with us. â€Å"Freshmen Induction† is a unique attempt that not only introduces the students with the systems of the University but 2012 also precedes them with the varied platforms available in the University for enriching and exhibiting their potential.Your first three days at the University will be devoted for Induction sessions. These Induction sessions will acquaint you with the basic information and knowledge about the University that you need as a stud ent. Events and activities are planned and scheduled in such a manner so as to provide you ample opportunity not only to familiarize you with various aspects of the university but also to interact and mingle with students, teachers and dignitaries of the University. Also you would enjoy various cultural, sports and fun activities during the event. Academics Some Important terms/Terms in use ?Freshman: A student who is registering for the first time for a particular programme in the University will be ‘Freshman' for that particular programme. Registration Number: It is a unique number allotted to a student on his/her admission in a particular programme. Registration number of a student remains invariant throughout the duration of his programme at the University. Roll Number: It is a number allotted to a student in every term. Programme: It is the area of study leading to the conferment or award of a degree, diploma, certificate or any other academic distinction or title of the University.It shall also include dual degree and integrated programmes. ? Programme Detail: It refers to the scheme and curriculum of a programme. Course: A prescribed set of instructions in a subject offered as a unit of studies within a Programme. Course Detail: It refers to the detailed syllabus of a course. ETE: The examination held at the end of each term by the University. MTE: The examination held in the middle of a term by the University. LTP: It means number of hours of Lecture, Tutorial and Practical of a course per week in a term. Pre-requisites: It refers to conditions that must ? ? Examination ? ? be met before a student can register for a course. Prerequisites can include a specific skill level (e. g. , a minimum of C grade in a specified course) or Pass in a specific course or any other as specified for a course. ? ? ? ? Academic Counsellor: A faculty member who has been assigned the task of providing the course- specific and programme-specific information to a group of students and to advise them on registration related and other academic matters. Continuing Student: A student who has registered for at least one term prior to the current term. ? ? The academia of Lovely Professional University is governed by the rules called â€Å"Academic and Examination Rules for Regular Programmes of Lovely Professional University† which are subject to amendment from time to time as per the discretion of the University. Given below are some of the important points of the rules. After the confirmation of the registration of courses, a student is evaluated on some components. Components of Evaluation The total marks for each course at the end of term will be calculated by adding the marks of following components: ?Attendance ? Continuous Assessment (CA) ? Mid-term examination (MTE) ? End-term examination (ETE) ? Any other, as decided by the University. Attendance Attendance is a vital component of our academic system. An attendance of 75% is compulsory for appearing in the End Term Examination (ETE). deduction of marks or no marks for that particular component. A student is encouraged to prepare the assignments on his/her own and not copy from peers/classmates or directly from the internet because copy cases are dealt with strictly. Continuous AssessmentLPU believes in assessing/evaluating the students not only at the time of examinations but throughout the term. We give a student multiple opportunities to perform and to improve his/her performance throughout the term. Under this practice, a student is expected to work on various ‘academic tasks' e. g. assignments, projects, tests, quizzes, design problems or case studies. The ‘academic tasks' vary according to the nature of the programme. All these components and their weightages are communicated to the students through the Instruction Plans (IPs) at the start of the term that are available on the UMS.A student is required to make the submissions on or before the stip ulated time, failing which leads to the Mid-term examination (MTE) The purpose of MTE is to prepare the students for End Term Examination in terms of structure/pattern of Question paper and time management during the written examination. It is generally conducted in the mid of the term (after half the session is over) and includes approximately 50% of the total syllabus of the course. End-term examination (ETE) These examinations are conducted by the University at the end of term.It includes the examination of all the courses which may be in the form of written examination, practical, viva-voce, presentation or any other prescribed mode of conducting evaluation. Evaluated answer scripts of MTE and ETE are shown to the students on a specified date before the finalisation of awards. The answer sheets are only shown as per the schedule of scrutiny, which is made available on the UMS. In case a student fails to appear on the day of scrutiny, no provision is available for viewing the ans wer sheets later. Academics Examination System of Evaluation &Option 1: Reappear for the course Option 2: Re-register the course To measure a student's performance for a particular course, the following letter grades are used: Letter A+ A B BC CD E F I S U Grade Performance Outstanding Very Good Good Above Average Average Below average Marginal Reappear Fail Incomplete Satisfactory (For Zero credits courses only) Unsatisfactory (For Zero credits courses only) Grade Points 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 0 0 – LPU generally follows grading system, which is a blend of absolute grading and relative grading. However, in some programmes such as B. Pharmacy etc. arks based system is followed. A Student will be given credits for each registered course and will be awarded grades. For a particular term, TGPA (Total Grade Point Average) will be calculated. Similarly the overall academic performance of a student is measured by CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average). Grade â€Å"E† If a student is not able to pass a course and is awarded an E grade, it must be converted to a passing grade (A+ to D) by either of the following options: Option 1: Reappear In this case, there will be a single exam having weightage equal to weightage of ETE and MTE together for a concerned course.Option 2: Re-register the course as a Backlog course In this case a student needs to attend all the lectures, tutorials, practical and fulfil all the requirements of the course in terms of Attendance, CA, MTE and ETE. He/she may register the course in subsequent term(s) when such course is offered. The student may appear for reappear to pass a course in the immediate next three reappear examinations held after the term in which the student has registered the course in which he has obtained re-appear(E Grade), otherwise it will be automatically converted into Fail Grade â€Å"F† and the student has to register it again as a Backlog course.Fees for backlog registration as prescribed by the University will be charged. Grade â€Å"F† If a student is awarded Grade â€Å"F† in a course then he/she has only one option available i. e. to re-register the course as a backlog course. In this case a student needs to attend all the lectures, tutorials, practicals and fulfil all the requirements of the course in terms of Attendance, CA, MTE and ETE. He/she may register the course in subsequent term(s) when such course is offered.Process of clearing backlog courses may lead to an extension of the programme for such students. Improvement: In case student after obtaining the Pass Grade, wants to improve his/her result, he/she will have two options: Summer Workshops, study tours and training programmes Wherever the curriculum requires the students to undertake summer workshops, study tours and certain training programmes (certificate courses) the same will be arranged by the University. The students will be required to pay fees/expenses for the same.Change of Programme A student under exceptional circumstances may be allowed to change the programme on the recommendation of designated authority of the University subject to meeting the conditions for such change. A student can apply for transfer of programme only at the end of academic year. The important guidelines such as dates, process and fee will be notified to the students on the University Management System. Minimum Requirement for award of degree Grade-Based Programmes: The minimum CGPA required for the award of Certificate / Diploma / Undergraduate Degree / Postgraduate Degree is 5. subject to getting a pass grade i. e. a ‘D' or above grade in each of the courses individually. Marks-Based Programmes: The minimum aggregate marks required for the award of a degree/diploma/certificate will be 45%, subject to passing in each of the courses individually. However, if any regulatory body for a particular programme has imposed stricter conditions which are different from those given above, the same sha ll prevail. The details of re-appearing or re-registering the course are given under the clause of Grade â€Å"E† and ‘Grade F'.In such cases, best grade out of the previous grade and the current grade will prevail. Promotion condition A student for the Award of a Degree will have to clear all the offered courses. However, there are separate guidelines for promoting a student in the next year. A student has to clear a minimum of 40% of prescribed courses of 1st Year (1st and 2nd term collectively) to get promoted in 2nd Year (3rd Term). A student has to clear a minimum of 50% of prescribed courses of 1st Year and 2nd Year (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th term collectively) to get promoted in 3rd Year (5rd Term).A student has to clear minimum of 60% of prescribed courses of 1st Year, 2nd Year and 3rd Year (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th term collectively) to get promoted in 4th Year (7rd Term). The promotion of a student to a higher (degree/diploma/certificate) in a dual degree program will be subject to satisfy the eligibility criteria as prescribed by the University. However, if any regulatory authority has imposed stricter conditions for promotion in a particular programme, the same shall prevail. Department of Records LPU has a dedicated Department for records.The Department of records facilitates the following services: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Bonafide certificate Character certificate Provision transcript for pass out students Migration certificate for pass out students Original transcript for pass out students Term break certificate for railway concession Term break certificate for visiting abroad Rectification of students records such as name, father's name, mother's name, address, contact number, etc. Submission of pending documents Verification and process of State Level Scholarships for ST/SC/OBC/PH, etc Loan specific documents ? ? ?You may visit the help window of Department of Records in Block 32 Room 101 Fee & Accounts Online Fee Deposition ? Bank Loan Assi stance To facilitate students, the University provides assistance to avail educational loans being offered by various banks like Central Bank of India, HDFC Bank, Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, State Bank of Patiala etc. ? The fee is to be paid in the favour of the respective Faculty in which the student has taken admission. For example if a student has taken admission in Engineering then the payment is to be made in the favour of Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences.The University provides the facility of online fee deposition. Under this, the University has collaboration with 3 nationalised banks which are State Bank of Patiala, Oriental Bank of Commerce and Punjab National Bank. ? To know more please visit the web link: http://www. lpu. in/student_services/bank_loan_assistance. php To guide the students in this concern, loan cell is operational in the University. A student can seek assistance from this cell through Location: Block 30, Level1 Email: [email  protected] co. in In campus fee DepositionDeposition in campus Banks ? Download the fee deposit slip from University Management System (UMS) Fill the required information in Bank Copy & Student Copy. Deposit the fee in â€Å"Pay Fee† mode only in the bank according to the code number of the faculty given below. Obtain the acknowledgment on Student's Copy from the bank. Submit or fax this copy to University Accounts Office to get the Original Fee Receipt. Account Numbers and Bank Codes for all the Faculties are available on the Website and on UMS. To access please visit the web link: http://www. pu. in/student_services/online_fee_deposition. php SMS LPU has started a new facility for the students and parents to know the upto-date attendance and results through SMS. ? ? ? ? ? For checking attendance, Type ATTEND e. g. ATTEND 91180070013 and send it to +919780036414 For checking grade, Type RESULT e. g. for 2nd term result, Type RESULT 91180070013 02 and for 5th term result, T ype RESULT 91180070013 05 and send it to +919780036414 For checking fee, Type FEE e. g. FEE 91180070013 and send it to +919780036414 ? ? ?Fee can also be deposited directly in the University accounts office located in the basement of Block – 32 UMS Website The University website www. lpu. in contains all the vital information in its various tabs. University Management System UMS navigation will enable you to access following tabulated facilities: SERVICES Announcements Time Table WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH THE SERVICE? View information, announcements, and current happenings in the University. View schedule of classes with venue and time details. View aggregate and course wise attendance. View results of the current term as well as ? al CGPA till date. Submit assignments, Term Papers and projects online. View examination date sheet and seating plan. View Instruction plan consisting schedule and content of syllabus to be covered along with text books, reference books, relevant journa ls and related web links View manual covering list of all the experiments along with guidelines, procedures and expected results. Access library related services like book search from the centralized database. Register for Open and Social Science Electives online Forward suggestions, concerns and grievances to higher authorities.Access information regarding placement drives and register for the same. Store and update your pro? le Access information regarding Fee receipts, Accounts statement online Take leave if you are a hosteller. Fill survey and feedback forms to convey your opinions Access information about food kiosks, canteens, stationary shop, Photostat and printer facility, superstore, parlour, salon, computer cafe, boutique, banks ATM, mobile and laptop accessories, laundry , garment shop, sports good shop, shoe store etc.University Management System (UMS)/ Learning Management System (LMS) University Management System is an online portal that provides vital information requi red by the students in terms of academics, e-notices and other dynamic information to carry out the daily activities without any problem. UMS is a Web Based ERP Software that has been developed to take various university functions on IT backbone. UMS can be accessed through a standard web browser like Internet Explorer 8 / Firefox 3. 5 and above. You can avail the facility through your Registration Number as username and assword given to you at the time of admission. UMS can be accessed: Inside University Campus Outside University Campus https://172. 19. 2. 250/lpuums https://ums. lpu. in/lpuums Attendance Results Assignment/ Term Paper/Projects Examination Plan Instruction Plans Lab manual Library services Open and Social Science Relationship Management System (RMS) Placements Pro? le Fee Status Hostel Leave Online surveys and feedback Miscellaneous information Note: 1. UMS can also be accessed through the University Website i. e. www. lpu. in 2.You can access this portal as long a s your remain to be an enrolled student of the university UMS Smart Phone Application LPU i-touch Now the best ICT enabled university (Ranked in e-India awards 2012) is just a touch away on your smartphone. Access your own University Management System through a single touch called LPU i-Touch. The LPU i-touch can be downloaded from the link: http://itunes. apple. com/in/app/lputouch/id509819753? mt=8 it can also be downloaded from www. lpu. in FOR STUDENTS My Time Table : Access your timetable on the click of a button.Fee Statement : Get latest Fee Invoices and statements. Attendance : Real time attendance updates on your phone. Courses : See the list of courses registered with Section and Roll Number. Announcements : Get latest personalized announcements with file attachments. Result : See your Provisional DMC with Grades. FOR PARENTS Time Table – See the timetable of your ward. Fee Statement – Get Fee Invoices and statements. Attendance – Monitor attendance of your ward in real time. Courses – Check what your ward is studying in the current term.Announcements – Check important announcements from the University. Result – Check result of your ward in real time on phone. Student Relationship Cell WE VALUE WHAT YOU SAY University provides varied platforms to students to present their suggestions, queries, concerns or grievances, some of them are: One to One Interaction In certain cases, student considers it necessary to share his concerns with the authorities in person. He can do so at the Student Interaction Timings fixed for various authorities University facilitates the provision of Interaction with authorities at all the levels.The first point of interaction in all cases, however, will be the Section in charge. The various levels for interaction are: 1st level – Section In charge 2nd Level- Head of Department (HoD) / Co- coordinator of the department (CoD). 3rd Level- Head of School (HoS)/ Coordinator of Schoo l (CoS). 4th Level- Dean of Discipline (DoD) 5th Level-Head of Faculty (HoF) Head, Division of Student Affairs (DSA); Office of The Vice Chancellor and then the Office of Pro Chancellor can also be contacted if the issue remains unresolved.The interaction timings of the above said officials can be checked from the UMS under the tab â€Å"Interaction timings with Higher Authorities. † For administrative matters, a student can always approach to the Administrative Office. The details of these offices can be checked from the UMS under the tab â€Å"AO Details† Relationship Management System RMS has been evolved with the objective to facilitate students to share their Issues/ Queries/ Suggestions/ Complaints & Feedbacks with the University to obtain solutions and help for remedial measures. The students are advised to use this facility extensively for genuine purposes only.This facility is available in the UMS Navigation under the heading of â€Å"Relationship Management System† and is available round the clock. Suggestion Boxes A student also has the facility to drop his/ her suggestions in writing in the â€Å"Suggestion Boxes† located at 1. Main Gate 2. Division of Student Affairs 3. Division of Admissions 4. Office of the Worthy Pro Chancellor (Reception) (Block 13) (Block 30) (Block 29) Telephone Helpline Students can call at 01824-510311 during office hours (0900-1700). During induction programme, these services are extended till 1900 hours including Sundays and holidays.Students Interaction sessions Whenever any higher authority or any central division appreciates a need to interact with the students, the schedule of such interactions is announced on the UMS Walk in Help Desk Walk in Help Desk located in Division of Student Affairs, Block 13, Room No. 201 is manned by our counsellors from 0900 -1700 (six days a week). The students are always welcome to share their concerns personally. Student Relationship Cell Student Support Win dows Regular support windows are available to the students six days a week from 0900 hrs. – 1700 hrs. or handling queries related to mandates and procedures of University as elaborated below: SUPPORT WINDOW Academic Affairs ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC QUERIES Change of Programme Change of Dual/ Integrated Degree Option Migration cases for continuing students Course Registration Backlog registration OE/SSE/Departmental Electives Term Off Login Password of UMS Assignment Uploading/Downloading Wi-Fi Internet Access Any other query related to UMS/LMS Fee Inquiry(Term/Hostel/Transportation) Modes of Deposition of Fee – Online – Demand Draft Extension for Fee Payment Verification of Fee/Scholarship Cases Refund/Security/Reimbursement Education Loan Installment Demand Letter LOCATION Block-29 Room No. 404 SUPPORT WINDOW Examination & Record ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIFIC QUERIES LOCATION Block 32 Continuous Assessment Date Sheet & Seating Plan (MTE/ETE) Room No. 102 Provisi onal Results (Examination) Re-checking & Re-evaluation Reappear & Improvement Exam Room No. 01 Scholarship Cases (Record Cell) Submission of Pending Documents Correction in Student Records Character Certificate Migration Certificate Bona Fide Certificate Term Break Certificate ID cards Loan Letters Railway/Bus Forms Documents of UGC approval and Supreme Court's Notification for AICTE Approval Tie Up letters with the Banks/Loan Letters Placement Policy Upcoming Placement Drives Placement Results Alumni Availing/Quitting the transport facility Route related queries Bus Pass Room Availability/Allotment Change of room/seater type Leave Policy Laundry service Stay arrangements for Parents Lost & Found Fire Safety and Security Vehicle Parking Discipline Related Block-32 Room No. 304 Infotech Block-32 Room No. 102 Accounts Block-32 Room No. 102 Student Career Services/ Placements Transport Block-29 Room No. 301 Residential ServicesBlock-27 Room No. 202 Security & Safety Block-27 Room No. 2 08 Student Affairs TOWARDS HOLISTIC GROWTH Contemplating arduous, enculturation from peers and joining student clubs are often reckoned as the three significant things that are said to be component of the students' University life. To ascertain the same, the University runs a well-constituted â€Å"Division of Student Affairs†. Excellence in co-curricular and extracurricular activities is encouraged by the opening of avenues for the students to develop a well-round personality. LPU conceives that co-curricular, extra-curricular, sports and recreation activities are an integral part of education.It takes sports and recreational activities very seriously and has the facilities and expertise to affirm this allegiance. It offers innumerable extracurricular facilities and provides varied platforms for students to learn, practice, amuse, enjoy, perform, compete and fruitfully utilise their time. The Division of Student Affairs (DSA) broadly deals with: ? ? Designing activities and delivering these through clubs & units Let students pursue their common interests by facilitating them to form Student Organizations for those objectives and thereafter let them manage & carry out their activities as an organised body. Various avenues provided to discover, nurture and exhibit one's potential are: â€Å" Winners don't wait for chances, they take them ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Cultural Activities Sports activities Community Services Student Organizations Student Employment services Student Entrepreneurship Student Projectss â€Å" Cultural Activities â€Å" ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Multiculturalism-nourish the roots of your culture Cultural activities are inseparable part of LPU life. With national level artists among the students, LPU takes pride in hosting the finest cultural activities. Students may use various platforms To learn basic skills in routine activity of respective clubs. To hone skills towards professionalism under proficient instructors in special sessions conducted by c lubs. To attend professional workshops under international and national exponents and get selected for participation in AIU/National Youth Competitions. â€Å"The Department of Cultural Affairs runs various clubs which include: Theatre Club Dance Club Music Club Literary Club Fine Arts Club Sports Activities We constantly endeavour physical development of our students along with their intellectual development. Towards it, sporting activity is undertaken by students as a recreation & stress buster, competition within university for learning games & formal play or honing better skills to represent the University. Sporting Facility is spread in the campus with over 40 playgrounds that are concentrated in four different sports venue with a separate venue for the girls next to the girl's hostel. Majority of these are located close to the hostel accommodation for convenience of the students.To facilitate sports activities, Department of Sports runs various sports clubs registration for w hich is open to the students. Club of each game has a number of strings that provide playing facility of playing with players of same level of skills. One game can have as many as 20 strings. Watchful eyes of coaches during routine games afford you an opportunity to move up the ladder of these strings and even become a member of the LPU team. Various clubs running under the Department of Sports are: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Cricket Hockey Football Basketball Handball Volleyball Badminton ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Chess Table-tennis Athletics Yoga Judo Lawn tennis Boxing ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Kabaddi Kho – kho Teakwondo Weight Lifting Power Lifting Softball BaseballA student can pursue sports from amusement viewpoint, can learn basic skills and participate in hostel tournament or hone advanced skills to participate at school level with the probability of selection to be part of the two elite teams for each sport namely LPU-A and LPU-B teams those are continuously nurtured in a professional manner. Cultural and Sports Events Various platforms that are available for cultural and sports activities are as follows: Inter-hostel Competition Intra-School Competitions Inter-school Competition Inter-University Competition Student Empowerment Student Organizations Cell A Student Organization is a student body initiated, managed and run by the students of the University.It comprises of a group of University students associating with each other and sharing and pursuing common interests. These are independent and not related to student Clubs those are entities managed and run by the University administration. A student who feels the need of forming a new Organization can become a promoter and apply for the same by following guidelines given in the ‘Manual for Student Organization' available on UMS and pursue the case till approval of the Organization. Student Organizations are presently divided for administrative and logistical convenience into seven categories. 1. Academic & Education 2. Pe rforming arts I: Dance and Singing 3. Performing arts II: Theatre 4. Social Service 5.Hobbies and Recreation 6. Publication 7. Journalism and Public speaking At present 15 Student Organizations are running under the aegis of Student Organization Cell. Community Services Cell The University believes that the students should understand their social responsibility and help the society, especially unprivileged classes and masses. To act upon this, University organizes activities like Blood Donation Camps, Computer awareness & Training Program, Technical Skill up gradation programs, AIDS awareness program and Career Counselling. This cell consists of four verticals namely: 1. National Service Scheme 2. National Cadet Corps 3. Local Engagement Programs 4.Liaison with External Agencies The Community Service Cell is the one of the latest student driven initiatives by LPU. It aims to contribute to the society in a meaningful manner by utilizing the managerial expertise and skills of the stud ents for the benefit of deprived section of society. Community Service Cell is committed to building ties with NGOs, voluntary non-profit organizations, and government institutions and corporate, which act as catalysts for social change. We envision ourselves as offering voluntary services and eliminate the inequality caused due to social, economic, racial, and cultural differences in the society for doing useful social work. Student Employment CellThe Student Employment Services provides opportunities to the students to earn while they are learning through the part-time jobs thus preparing them to shoulder professional assignments with relative ease. Part-Time student employees will be working as Library Assistants, Computer Service Assistants, Data entry Operators, Project/Lab Assistants, Assistant Coaches/Trainers, Campus Guide, Tele-Support / Call Centre Assistant, Career counsellors etc. In Academic year 2010-11 around 200 students were provided opportunities to work as Student Employees. For any further information regarding the above mentioned cells visit Block – 13 (Room-208) Student Project Cell Student Project Cell with its preamble of â€Å"Originative.Creative. Innovative. † and the primary objective of student empowerment is a unique centre of Informal Skill Development where all activities are planned, managed and conducted by the students. It has two functional areas: 1. Student self-initiated projects 2. Lovely Youth Capital Student self-initiated projects: Student self-initiated projects are the projects that are initiated by a student or a group of students. Student Project Cell guide, mentor and facilitate all activities required for the physical realization of the project like formulation of group, segregation of resources- financial, tangible and non-tangible, etc. and conduct of projects.The student self-initiated projects has multi dimensions and covers all the fields of events/ workshops/ seminars/ celebrations/etc. in aca demic, technical and non-academics as well. Lovely Youth Capital: Lovely Youth Capital (Society for the Promotion of Artistic Culture, Literature, Journalism and Technical Proficiency) is a Society maintained for the promotion of informal accomplishments. The basic objective of the Society is to dig into and explore hidden talent by reaching the unreached students and counsel them realize the talent that persists in them. It has six functional areas: 1. Literature, Journalism and Publications 2. Music, Arts, Dance and Theatre 3. Film Production and Studio Works 4. Rastriya Manak Hindi Bhasha Samiti 5.Technical Proficiency 6. Photography Lovely Youth Capital organizes 20-30 high magnitude open Intra University events in the fields mentioned above every semester. Student Entrepreneurship Projects Student Entrepreneurship is a platform for students to recognize and utilize their skills in identifying opportunities and creating innovation in business. This initiative is about students, their choices and actions in starting, taking over or running a business. This provides opportunity to students to turn an idea into business or a business into successful venture and helps them to build confidence to take risk and taste the independence and self-realization.Various student entrepreneurship projects are entertained under the supervision and guidance of officials and experts in the field. A student or a group of students may submit proposal to open a entrepreneurship venture within University. For getting any information related to cultural, sports & other clubs or students Organisations, students are free to walk in to the Division of Students Affairs, Block 13 Room no. 201 or may give a call at 01824-510311. Residential Services The Social life in hostels constitutes an important part of the learning experience on campus. The Hostel is the centre of academic, social, cultural and medical activities.Hostel life provides students with opportunities to interact with e ach other in harmonious environment which develops respect, cooperation and sense of responsibility. The hostel environment can also help students to discover their talents, increase their emotional maturity, and acquire social skills. All residents of student hostels are members of the hostel community and should actively participate in hostel functions and help to promote an ideal environment. The University provides residential services that has semblance with the peace and comfort of the home. Apart from the basic facilities, University hostels provide: ? available for students. ? Warden. ? Internet connectivity through Wi-Fi system is available free of cost. Common Study Rooms are available in various hostels blocks.Cloak Rooms are available in various hostel blocks. Proper security checks at each hostel for the safety. Online leave process & when student check out a massage will forwarded to parents contact number. Bank & ATM facility (In campus and hostels) for money transact ion is available in Campus. When the Sweepers are cleaning the room you must supervise the cleaning. You can also hand over the keys to the warden for getting it cleaned in case you have a class. Use of electric items like heater, irons, audio players, tea maker and coffee makers etc. are not allowed. 150 units of electricity are free of cost, the unit exceeding 150 are charged, as per actual.The resident shall not remove any fittings from any other room and get them fitted in his/ her room. All resident are required to carry their valid identity cards issued to them by the University. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? RULES: ? Laundry facility with most modern machines is Avoid quarrel or Altercation with the hostel staff. Necessary complaints can be lodged with the Hostel Student Committees The hostel committees are formed to safeguard the best interests of the hostel residents. It is an attempt to enable student's participation in University affairs. Division of Hostels in order to maintain pr oper functioning of all of its elements has carved the concept of various Committees each looking at separate issues. It promotes a dual function.On one hand it smoothens the functioning of the hostels while on the other hand it ensures active participation of the students as the authority is delegated to them. There are different committees that are functional in the hostels and hence ensure better functioning of the entire machinery. The various committees are: ? Aim of Hostel Student Committee : The aims of forming Hostel Student Committees are: ? To uphold democratic and egalitarian values and strive towards intellectual excellence. To Involve Students in University affairs. To promote Esprit-de-Corps. To help students discover their hidden skills. To train students in organizing and management of events.To inculcate leadership qualities. Help the management in helping the students. To ensure that the facilities given by the management reach the students. To inculcate the sense of self discipline. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Activities Conduct team: This team will consist of at least one representative for each of the following areas of activities ? ? ? ? ? Academic/ co-curricular Cultural Activities Sports Activities Literary Activities RMS: Iin case you have complaints regarding maintenance of furniture, fixture, cleaning, carpentry, plumbing, electricity, any type of complaint regarding hostel problem etc. the same can be entered online from your laptop and put up to RMS.In case you face any problem during your stay in hostel you can contact Office of the Division of Residential Services, Block – 27 Room No. -202, at 01824- 500888 (0800 hrs – 2000 hrs). ? ? ? ? ? Local Engagement and Entrepreneurship Designing, Decoration and Maintenance Team Marketing, Sponsorship and Publicity Team Discipline, Safety, Security and Medical Team Content Development and Database Management Team Hospitality and Mess management Team ? List of Warden Staff of Boys Hostels H OSTELS BH-1 A B C BH – 2 A B BH-3 A B C BH – 4 A C, D & E BH – 5 A B C BH-6A B Staff Resident OFFICE LOCATION 43 43 43 43 43 46 46 46 47 47 51 51 51 52 52 D1D2D3 DESIGNATION Dy Warden (Offg W) Warden Asst. Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden Dy. Warden Warden Warden Dy.Warden (Offg W) Dy Warden (Offg W) Dy Warden (Offg W) Warden Warden Warden E-Mail bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh1. [email  protected] co. in bh2. [email  protected] co. in bh2. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh3. [email  protected] co. in bh4. [email  protected] co. in bh4. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh5. [email  protected] co. in bh6. [email  protected] co. in bh6. [email  protected] co. in staff. [email  protected] co. in CONTACT PERSON Amit Kumar Gaurav Manjinder Pal Suresh Kumar UP Sharma B. S. Rana Chamkaur Singh Chamkaur Singh Gurpreet Singh Ashok Kr Sharma Tarwinder Singh Davinder Prashar Davinder Prashar Shiv Kumar Gurwinder Singh Rounak Singh Munjinder Pal Singh CONTACT NO. 878426860 9780005942 7508182896 9876015107 9780036433 9780036434 9780036434 8054540426 9915020440 9915710553 9915020442 9915020442 970036529 9501110436 9915020436 9780005942 List of Warden Staff of Girls Hostels New Hostel GH-1 GH-2 GH-3 GH-4 GH-5, A GH-6A GH-6B OFFICE LOCATION 9 10 11 12 21 21 21 DESIGNATION Sr. Warden Sr. Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden Warden gh6. [email  protected] co. in gh6. [email  protected] co. in E-Mail [email  protected] co. in [email  protected] co. in [email  protected] co. in gh5. [email  protected] co. in CONTACT PERSON J. KNarang J. KNarang Gauri Thakur Usha Batra Reenu Sharma Reenu Sharma Reenu Sharma CONTACT NO. 9876644335 9876644335 9915020444 9915020443 9876740090 9876740090 9876740090Safety & Security Safety and Security Our students are very important and esteemed members of the University. Hence, we are committed to ensure their safety and security during their stay in the campus. To provide students with a safe and secure environment within the Campus, the Division of Security and Safety ensures that:? No student is permitted to use Alcohol, Drugs and Smoke within the University. ? Ragging free environment in the campus. ? Extensive Security Patrolling is carried across the campus by day and night. ? The entire campus is covered by CCTV Electronic surveillance. ? Special and Separate security is provided for Boys and Girls Hostels. A competent Fire staff and Fire Safety measurements are enforced. Security Advice to the Students There are certain measures/ precautions which every student needs to take to ensure that his/ her belongings are safe and there is no loss of property and information. The University cautions students to:? information like ATM pin numbers, Bank Account numbers, laptops passwords, cell phone data, RMS account etc. to anyone. ? While using social networking sites, do not disclose any significant information to others. Do not misuse information on the internet. Report any unscrupulous phone calls/ messages from unknown numbers to the Security Office immediately.Wear your UID cards when inside the campus. Lock your hostel rooms and keep all the valuable material like laptop, mobiles and wallets in their personal cupboards duly locked. Do not keep any cash in the rooms and instead avail the Banking/ ATM facility. Do not keep any gold ornaments and other valuables in the hostel rooms. Do not to lend valuable items like Laptops, mobiles etc. to any friend or strangers. Do not disclose your important personal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Hostel Security Issues The students are advised to first approach their Hostel Warden Staff for any assistance. If the problem still persists, then he/ she should contact the nearest Security Office.The Campus Security Issues The students are advised to first approach their Academic Block AO for assistance. If the problem still persists, then he/she should contact the Main Security Office. All complaints will have to be given in writing to the Security Office. Students Entry and Exit from the University For better management of discipline and traffic within the University, Students Entry/Exit will be controlled from Main Gates 1 A, 1 B and 1 D only. Main Security Numbers: Security Office Gate 1 A Gate 1 B Gate 1 D Reception Gate 1 A Fire Safety Office 01824-500857 01824-501211 01824-510100 01824-501212 01824-510109 01824-510312 IMPORTANT SECURITY OFFICIALS Sr.SO Security Sector -1 DSO ASO SO Security Sector – 2 ASO ASO ASO 98784-26874 97800-36409 97800-36406 97800-36458 75081-83817 97800-36430 97800-05947 CSO CSO 97800-05945 Security Sector – 3 & 4 Sr. SO DSO ASO ASO 98766-44331 97800-36402 97800-36426 97800-36423 Health Services Campus Hospital Round-the-clock access to comprehensive primary health care services is available within the campus. T he University Hospital is: ? Run and managed under the guidance of qualified and experienced doctors. ? Supported by multidisciplinary staff comprising of resident medical officers (RMOs), specialists, physician assistants, medical lab technologists, nurses, dietician, psychologists, physical therapists, health educators, and administrative and technical personnel. ? Backed by a modern diagnostic centre ?Fully-equipped with dedicated ambulances to facilitate swift medical service in case of any emergency. Services Provided ? 24 hour Chemist Shop (24x7x365) ? Medical Consultation and Day Care Admission ? Medical Lab Investigations (Blood, Urine, etc. ) ? Oxygen & Nebulization ? Free ambulance service for shifting emergencies within or outside the campus ? Clinical laboratory for various investigations Facilities available ? General Medicine ? General Surgery ? Eye Consultation and Eye Testing ? Dental Consultation and Procedures ? Gynae Consultation ? ENT Consultation ? Ayurvedic Con sultation ? Psychological Consultation Physiotherapy Clinic ?The Physiotherapy clinic at LPU campus offers effective rehabilitative treatment to the patients, from within and outside the University, by specialized physiotherapists in 12-bedded OPD. This clinic is fully equipped with latest high quality electro diagnostic and electrotherapeutic modalities made for the treatment for common problems like: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Arthritis Back Pain Knee Pain Slipped Disk Cervical and Lumbar Spondylitis Sports Injuries and many more Counselling and Psychological Support System (CAPSS) Health Services In case of any emergency during college hours a student can approach Administrative officer of his/ her school for medical assistance.In case a student is in hostel and requires medical assistance the warden can be approached. For availing ambulance facility a student can call 01824-501227 or 01824-501223. Alternatively, Resident Medical Officers (RMO) can also be contacted at: RMO I RMO II RMO III R MO IV RMO V 9878426880 9780036450 9780036429 9876015109 9872027634 The University offers CONFIDENTIAL and FREE professional counselling and psychological support to our students. Counselling/ Psychological support is kind a professional relationship between a trained/ well qualified Psychologist and a client, in which special assistance is provided to the client to deal with their behavioural concerns/ issues/ conflicts/ problems.CAPSS is focusing on timely help to the students to ease their psychological distress. By utilizing our services, students can learn to manage their personal problems and situational crises effectively, and can learn strategies to cope with academic stress and develop self-awareness, personal responsibility and skills for lifelong learning. Certain signs to watch out for, where you may need CAPSS Services ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Feeling homesick. Not able to manage with your work load and time. Feeling lonely and sad. Experiencing problems in relationships. U nprovoked anger and hostility. Feelings of inferiority. Feeling helpless or hopeless. Despite best efforts unable to adjust. Feeling stressed up most of the time.Deterioration in quality of work. Often feels shy and self-conscious. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Feeling no sense of belonging. Thoughts about harming your own self or others. Feeling lack of concentration and confidence. Excessive fatigue and sleep disturbances. Experiencing constant anxiety, irritability or tearfulness. Lack of communication skills. Don't have any life goals or aims. Lack of self-control etc It is normal if you ever face any of the above mentioned signs. We all go through such phases in our lives when we feel that we are not equipped enough to help ourselves on our own. In such cases â€Å"IT IS WORTH TO SEEK HELP . † SERVICES OFFERED ? ? ?Individual counselling: It is one where one to one interaction is held between you and a psychologist; you get an opportunity to express out your concerns freely and to dis cover ways to implement positive solutions. Group counselling: It is one where a common concern of more than one student is taken care of for their better performances. Psychological Testing: It helps you to assess your aptitude, interest, I. Q. levels and other behavioural traits which can be put to optimum use of decision making for better future concerns. ? ? ? Consultation with CAPSS to get advice about how to handle minor conflicts with others related to hostels or classes and for getting someone to CAPSS.Psychiatric/Clinical helps at times when medications are helpful in treatment of psychological distress. Services of a Psychiatrist are provided to evaluate the need for medication. Workshops As per the demand of students CAPSS also provide workshops and training on timely psycho-educational topics. CAPSS services are opened from 9 AM to 8 PM in Campus Hospital Campus Hospital Location, Block 8. Apart from hospitals within the campus, the other hospitals in Jalandhar are Guru Nanak Mission Hospital, Patel hospital (backside hotel Skylark), Satyam hospital, kidney hospital, Tagore hospital, NMR scanning care, Mann scanning care, BS Diagnostic lab (near APJ School), Vikram Sood for skin.In Phagwara some good hospitals are Gandhi hospital, Civil hospital. We strongly encourage our residential students to refer the campus hospital first instead of going to hospitals outside. The details of the RMO's, timings of the specialists and their contact numbers are given on the UMS under the tab â€Å"Campus Hospital†. STUDENT Uni-Center Student Uni-Center (a Shopping Mall) is of 20 sq feet in area with 7 stories/floors, where one can shop all his/her daily needs under one roof itself. Student Uni-Center is a shopping mall within the university campus that is blending in a modern, cutting edge shopping experience with the irresistible charm for the brands and services it offers.The Student Uni-Center basically provides various facilities under one roof. It has Lovely Wannabuy, an undertaking of a Lovely Corporations and various other brands hood under various heads. Level wise briefing of the Student Uni-Center Lovely Wannabuy have following sections under it which will make you shop anything or everything under one roof. Following are the sections: Other Facilities: Recharge Facility and ticket bookings: It includes mobile recharges and air/bus/railway reservations. Flexi- Payment Facility: You can pay either by Cash or Swapping Credit/Debit Cards of any Bank. Banking Facility: State Bank of Patiala and Bank of India are operational in the Mall itself.ATM Facilities: There are a number of ATM outlets of different Banks, SBP Bank Of India, Orient , Bank of Commerce. Visum This particular section is related to ocular where you can find frames, shades, lenses and for each category huge variety is available. This section deals in Mobiles, their sale/ purchase only. This section of Unicentre is dealing in providing fast moving consumer goods that will cater your daily needs like food items, non-food items, and beverages. Sports items under Mascot section and Stationary items like pen, markers, notebook, diaries, variety of colors etc. under offprint This covers Women Cosmetics. WigiTech NextDoor Level 1 Level 2Lovely Wannabuy Shops related to Mobiles (sale/ purchase repair), Accessories, Banks (Bank of India, State Bank of Patiala) and Handloom Shops related to Apparels (Men/ Women) Fitness Center In future we are planning to open a food court MassCott and Offprint Cultus Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 & 6 RoostCentre This deals in the furnishing items like bed sheets, pillow covers etc. Household Items It includes crockery, dinner sets, different types of mugs and utensils. Support Services Eating & Shopping Banks Post Office A full-fledged post office has been opened at the University campus by the postal department of Govt. of India to cater to all relevant needs of students and staff like Mail , Parcel , Speed post , Mone y transfer , Banking Services etc. LPU houses a Campus Cafe and a number of other eating joints offering delicious food and superior services.Other facilities available in the Campus are Parlour/ Salons (separate for boys and girls), Boutique, Sports goods shops, Shoes shops, Computer cafe, Book stores, Stationery cum tuck shops, Photoshop and printer service, Laptop, mobile and other accessories shops etc. The University offers extensive banking services within the campus premises. There are fully functional branches of following banks in the University Campus: Name of Bank State Bank of Patiala Punjab National Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Bank of India Location Block 15 Block 4 Block 2 Block 15 Timings 10 AM 4 PM 10 AM 4 PM 9:45 AM4:45 PM Ph. No. 97795-86338 01824-241315 01824-502360 10:00AM01824-240840 4:00 PMA Student requires the following to open a bank account: ? Account Application stamped by HoD/A. O/Warden. ? Two Passport size current photographs ? Campus Identity Card ? Any one Identity Proof like License, Ration Card, Voter Card etc. Eating & Shopping Joints in Campus Canteens Campus Cafe-Block-2 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-3 Hostel Shopping Complex Block-26 Terrace Block -27/28 Terrace Block -28/29 Terrace Food Court cum staff dining Hall(Block-32 Level-1) GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex BH-1 D3 Level-2 Food Court Ice-Cream Block 1 Campus Cafe-Block-2 Block 2 Parking Architecture Block Polytechnic Block Central Point LPU Near Block 28 Food Court Level-1 Block-32 LPUBetween Block-32/33 Near GH-5 Near LSB Near LIE BH-1 D3 Food Court BH-2 Near BH-2 Book Shop Near Campus Cafe (Block-2) Photocopier LIM LIT Basement Architecture Building at level-4 New Architecture Building Polytechnic Block-6, Room No. 206 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex Media-Block-14 Block-16 at level-1 Block-26 at level-2 Block-27 at level-2 Block-28 & 29 at level-1 Block-30 (CAD level-1 & 3) Food Kiosks Block 1 Block 2 Parking Near Campus Hospital Central Point Between Block-26/27 Block-28/29 Near Block-33 Block 14 LIE BH-2 Stationary-Cum-Tuck GH-1, Hostel Shopping Complex LSB block-20 LPU Block-26 LPU Block 28 LPU Block 33 LPU Block-34 GH-5 Hostel Shopping ComplexBlock-33 at level-1 Block-34 at level-1 GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex LSB3 at level-2 LIE at level-1 BH-1 (C) near Warden Office BH-2 (A) near Mess BH-4 (C) near Entrance BH-5 near Wardens Office Fruits/Juice Shop Block 2 Parking Central Point Block-26/27 BH-2 Eating & Shopping Joints in Campus Computer Cafe GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex LPU-28 GH-5/6 Mobile, Service and Accessories LIT Parking Central Point BH-2 Super Store Near Campus Cafe (Block-2) Laundry Collection and Delivery Counters BH-1 D3 Laundry BH-2 (A) GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-3 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex Parlour/ Saloon GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex Boys saloon (BH-1 A Block) BH-2 (A) near Mess Boutique Boutique (GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex) Garments/Uniform/ShoesReady made G arments (Beside Auditorium) Above Super Store Tracer's Show Room (Near Architecture Building) Bank /ATM Near Campus Cafe LIT LIT level-2 GH-1 Hostel Shopping Complex LPU Shopping Mall LPU shopping Mall (Block-15) (Shop No. 208-209) Block-31/32 LPU Blocks, BH, LSB, GH & LIT parking GH-5 Hostel Shopping Complex BH-1 BH-2 News Papers Between Block-26/27 Near LSB Courier/Speed Post Services Near Campus Cafe Block-27 at level-1 How to Reach us? Once you decide to get here, you'll find that Jalandhar is extremely accessible from just about any destination. It is easily accessible by road as well as rail; well connected with Delhi and Amritsar, both cities being equipped with International airports.Main trains from Delhi to Jalandhar are Shatabdi, Jammu Tawi Express, and Rajdhani etc. 0 km from Chaheru Railway Station 3 km from Municipal limits of Jalandhar City 5 km from Phagwara 7 km from Phagwara Railway Station 7 km from Jalandhar Cantt Railway Station 15 km from Jalandhar City Railway Station 41 km from Hoshiarpur 45 km from Ludhiana City 80 km from Amritsar City 112 km from Pathankot 130 km from Chandigarh 219 km from Jammu 350 km from Delhi KAPURTHALA NAKODAR AMRITSAR JALANDHAR BAIN BRIDGE VILL MEHARU LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY G. T. ROAD JAMMU PATHANKOT HOSIARPUR CHAHERU RAILWAY STATION CHAHERU RAILWAY BRIDGE NATIONAL AIRPORTSSahnewal Airport, Ludhiana Chandigarh Airport, Chandigarh VILL HARDASPUR PHAGWARA NURMAHAL BANGA NAWANSHAHR CHANDIGARH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS Raja Sansi International Airport, Amritsar Indra Gandhi International Airport, Delhi GORAYA TEMPERATURE The temperature in the District has the flavours of both summers and winters. Being a resident of Jalandhar ,a student can enjoy the variation in weathers Month March – July August- October November- February Max Temperature 44 degree Celsius Moderate 13 degree Celsius Necessities Umbrellas, Cotton Clothes Umbrellas, raincoats, cotton clothes etc. Woollens, Warmers, Socks and Shoes PHI LLAUR LUDHIANA G. T. ROAD AMBALA DELHI (Not to Scale)Jalandhar LPU About Jalandhar Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. It was known as Prasthala at the time of the Mahabharta and as Jullundur in British times. Jalandhar is another name of Lord Shiva. Jalandhar city is famous for international sports market, surgical goods and leather tool pouches. About Phagwara Phagwara is a city and a municipal council in Kapurthala district in North India, in the central part of the Punjab. The city is internationally recognized because a large amount of NRI (Non-resident Indian) population belongs to this city.Phagwara is the main industrial centre in the Kapurthala District because of its good location on the national highway. This city has many different types of manufacturing industries, the main ones being textiles, auto components, machine tools and agricultural implements as well as agricu lture services. About Amritsar Amritsar historically also known as R md spur and colloquially as Ambarsar) is a city in the north-western part of India. It is the spiritual center for the Sikh religion and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab. It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred to as the â€Å"Golden Temple† in the western media), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion.This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the TajMahal with more than 1, 00,000 visitors on week days alone and is the most popular destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht, as well as the Sikh Parliament. The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm products, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture and for the tragic incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule. Amritsar is home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home to Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, has more than 100 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh, and Jammu in India and international flights to London Heathrow, Doha, Ashgabat, Tashkent, and Toronto. The city is also close to Lahore Airport on the Pakistani side of the border, but has no direct flights to Lahore. About Ludhiana Ludhiana (also Ludhyana) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km?. The city sta nds on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course.It is a major industrial center of northern India. Ludhiana is a well-known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U. S. Ludhiana is famous for Industrial goods, Machine parts, Auto Parts, house hold appliances, hosiery and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for Bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle consumption of more than 10 million per annum. Ludhiana also produces 60% of India's Tractor parts and a large portion of Auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars like BMW and Mercedes are exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the whole world requirement.It is one of the largest manufacturers of Sewing Machines. Hand tools and precision industrial equipment is another specialty. In the Hosiery industry Ludhiana is famous all over India for its Woolen sweaters and cotton t-shirts. In fact most of the top Indian woolen br ands like Monte Carlo are based in Ludhiana Academic Calendar for session 2012-2013 (For all Full Time Programmes except B Pharmacy and Programmes offered in LFAD ,Education and Physical Education ) AUTUMN TERM (Term I) Two week pre-term for freshmen of MBA(Honours) Induction of Freshmen and start of classes Evaluation of Summer Training for continuing Engineering students (wherever such training is applicable ) e. g.Batch 2009 – B Tech, B Tech-M Tech and B Tech-MBA ) Evaluation of Summer Training for continuing students of the Discipline of Management (wherever such training is applicable; including Commerce and Economics; and also students of programmes integrated with MBA e. g. B Tech. -MBA, B Pharm. -MBA etc. ) Commencement of classes for all continuing students Registration for backlog courses Commencement of Classes of freshmen of M. Phil. and Ph. D. programmes Last date for applying for reappear examination for immediate previous even term courses* Announcement of reap pear exam schedule for immediate previous even term courses Mid Term Examination (MTE) Resumption of Classes after MTE Bhartiya Vigyan Sammelan and Expo Inter School Cultural Festival Term Break for students Completion of Advance Registration for Elective courses (dept. electives, spl.Electives, OE & SSE) for Spring Term (Term II) of session 2012-13 Last day of classes End Term Examination ( ETE ) Winter Vacation for students Scrutiny of answer books (Term I 2012-13) by students Commencement of Classes of Term II of Session 2012-13 2012-13 W-Tu , 25 July-Aug 07,2012 M-M ,30th July-13th Aug,2012 M-W, Aug 06-08, 2012 M-W, Aug 06-08, 2012 Th, Aug 09, 2012 F-Sa, Aug 10-18, 2012 M, Aug 13, 2012 Sa, Aug 18, 2012 Tu, Aug 28, 2012 M-Tu, Oct 01-09, 2012 W, Oct 10 ,2012 Th-Su,Oct 11-14,2012 Sa-Su, Oct 20-21, 2012 M-W, Nov 12-14, 2012 Sa , Nov 10, 2012 Tu, Nov 27, 2012 Th-Sa, Nov 29 – Dec 22, 2012 M-Th, Dec 24 – Jan 03, 2013 F-Sa, Jan 04-5, 2013 M, Jan 07, 2013 Immediate previous even term courses would mean: For a 2006 batch (who took admission in 2006) student it would mean courses of term 12 Fo

The factors affecting tensile strength Essay Example

The factors affecting tensile strength Essay Example The factors affecting tensile strength Paper The factors affecting tensile strength Paper I am comparing four sets of data. My data will be categorical. There is a simple statistical test which looks at the difference between observed and expected values and relates them to a probability level, thus making it possible to identify how likely it is that the values are significantly different. This test is called the Chi squared test. Precautions to ensure reliability   We are assuming ethnic background does not affect our results. It will not cause a massive variation in our conclusion.   All hair samples must be taken from 16-18 year old females. 6 different samples must be taken for each colour of hair. Make sure all equipment is set up; ensuring the strand of hair is fastened to the shown equipment correctly. (Figure 5). * Each hair is tested five times, so I am repeating the experiment, to make my results reliable and more accurate. Results (My own (raw data) results will be highlighted in dark red on tables 2, 3, 4 5). (The letter B is used in my results to show where the hair broke). Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Analysing: (Skill C) Calculations Strength is determined by the amount of stress a hair can withstand without breaking. To work out the strength of each hair I calculated the stress applied to each when breaking. To do all the calculations I used the following formulas: 1  I calculated my values to do the statistical test. Discussion Melanin molecules are proteins, which are produced at the root of each hair. The more melanin in your hair, the darker it will get. An amino acid called tyrosine is converted into melanin so the hair will have colour. First, the bodys blood vessels carry tyrosine to the bottom of each hair follicle. Then, in this melanin factory tyrosine is used as the raw material for the production of the natural melanin that is the colour in hair. In short, natural hair colour depends upon the presence, amount and distribution of melanin, a natural pigment found in the cortex. All natural hair colours are created from two types of melanin. Eumelanin = black pigment Pheomelanin = red/yellow pigment Mixed melanins = when both eumelanin and pheomelanin mix together inside one melanin granule. The natural colour of the hair is decided by: a) What type of melanin is in the hair b) How much melanin is in the hair c) How closely packed or scattered the melanin is within the cortex. The type of melanin and the size of the granules determine whether hair will be brown, blonde, ginger or black. The amount of melanin and its distribution determine how dark or light the hair colour will be. Black hair is created from granules full of eumelanin densely packed in the hairs cortex. Brown hair, depending on its cool or warm tones and its darkness or lightness, is created either from granules filled with eumelanin and more sparsely distributed along the cortex than those of black hair, or granules filled with a blend of mixed melanins. The red/yellow pheomelanin is believed to cause the warm, golden, or auburn tones found in most brown hair. Blonde hair has a very low melanin content. And while scientists have not yet determined which is dominant, it is believed that eumelanin creates blonde hair. Melanin in blonde hair is so sparse that what we actually see is the colour of the hair fibre itself, keratin, which is a pale yellow, off-white shade. Granules filled with pheomelanin create Ginger hair. The pheomelanin in ginger hair is less densely packed in its granules. Its shape is somewhat more irregular than its black counterpart, eumelanin. It is slightly rounder and more spread out. From my results I found out that brown hair needed the greatest amount of force to break. Blonde hair needed the least amount of force to break. Black hair was second strongest and ginger hair was third strongest. The order of strength (from my results) of hair is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair stretched the most before breaking. Blonde hair stretched the least before breaking. Black hair stretched the second furthest and ginger hair stretched the third furthest. The order of length of hair stretched (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest strain before breaking and blonde hair experienced the lowest strain before breaking. The order of strain experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest tensile stress value before breaking and blonde experienced the lowest tensile stress value before breaking. The order of tensile stress experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Ginger, Black, and then Blonde. Graph 1 shows the average force required to break the four colours of hair. From this graph I can see that brown hair required the greatest force to break. Black hair also required a large amount of force to break and so did ginger hair. Black hair only required a small amount of more force to break then ginger hair. The breaking force required for brown, black and ginger hair was quite similar. Blonde hair required much less force to break compared to the other colours of hair. This proves that the disulphide bonds in the blonde hair are not a big advantage for strength of the hair. The darker the hair the stronger the force required for the bonds in the hair to break. The darker the hair the more resistant it is to breaking when forces are applied. The darker the hair the higher concentrations of melanin present along the hair cortex. The same sort of pattern is seen in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5. Graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the extension of hair when masses are added. Blonde hair breaks the earliest and brown hair breaks the latest. Graph 2 shows brown hair. Brown hair requires about 120g to extend up to about 70mm before breaking. The graph follows a basic trend and there are no anomalous results. All results fit the line of best fit. Graph 3 shows blonde hair. Blonde hair requires about 80g to extend up to about 35mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend and most results fit the line of best fit. There is one anomaly, though. The extension should not increase and then decrease. It should keep on decreasing. There must have been an error in recording this result. The results in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are all averages. To work out the blonde values in table 32, the results in tables 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were used. There was only one value for the extension at 80g, in table 15. This value was smaller than the average of all the extensions in all six tables. This sample of hair should have broken at 80g not 90g. This did not happen. This may have been an error in not measuring correctly. Graph 4 shows ginger hair. Ginger hair requires about 100g to extend up to about 60mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend until it gets to 55g point. From this point onwards the hair length increases and decreases dramatically. This should not happen. The reason why this happens is described above with the blonde hair. It is an error in measuring. Graph 5 shows black hair. Black hair requires about 140g to extend up to about 65mm before breaking. This graph is perfect. There are no anomalies. All points meet the line of best fit accurately. Graph 6 shows the average stresses and strains experienced by each hair colour. All four hair colours are plotted on the same graph so they can be easily compared against each other. Brown, blonde and ginger hairs do not follow the normal trend. The stresses and strains for these three should continue to increase. Tables 57, 58, 59 and 60 show where the stress and strain values came form. The results are like this because when the stress and strain values were calculated the average extensions were used, which had a few faults, as describe above. Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 show clearly what is happening to the stress-strain curves. Graph 7 shows one anomalous result. It has a high stress and strain value. Graph 8 also shows only one anomalous result. These two graphs show the basic trend. Graph 9 shows the normal trend until the stress value gets to 150Nm-2. Then it decreases and goes back on itself. This should not happen. The reason for this is explained above. There is an error in the extension averages. Graph 10 shows no anomalies. Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show modified values for stress and strain in all colours of hair. Graph 11 shows the modified stresses and strains for brown hair. This graph does not bend backwards and the stress and strain values do not decrease. Graph 12 shows the modified stresses and strains for blonde hair. This graph does not show values of stress and strain decreasing. Graph 13 shows the modified stresses and strains for ginger hair. This graph has changed a lot. It reads much clearer. Stress and strain increases throughout. This is exactly what the graph should look like. Graph 14 is the same as graph 10. It did not need any modifications. The toughness of a hair is measured of its resistance to break. A lot of energy is required to break a tough material. Finally, the strength of a material (or tensile strength) is the greatest tensile stress it can undergo before breaking. Hair is an elastic material; it can stretch to a certain maximum point (elastic point) before breaking. The largest tensile stress that can be applied to a material before it breaks is known as its ultimate tensile stress (UTS). This value is sometimes referred to as the materials breaking stress. Graph 7 shows the stress-strain points for brown hair. Graph 11 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for brown hair is 359. 03. Graph 8 shows stress-strain points for blonde hair. Graph 12 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for blonde hair is 125. 48. Graph 9 shows the stress-strain for ginger hair. Graph 13 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for ginger hair is 286. 58. Graph 10 shows the stress-strain points for black hair. Graph 14 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for black hair is 158. 31. Overall I can see that brown hair was the strongest. This was not expected. I expected black hair to have the highest tensile strength, as it had a higher density of melanin along the cortex. Blonde hair turned out to be the one with the lowest tensile stress. Ginger haired people have a high density of the pheomelanin pigments in their hair fibre. Those who produce virtually no eumelanin have a red to orange colour depending on the density of the pigment in the hair fibre. Red haired people who have a greater relative proportion of eumelanin production have a deeper red to red brown colour. Ginger hair also should have a high tensile strength. This is what I saw in my results. Black hair should also have a high tensile strength. My results showed black hair to have high tensile strength but not the highest. There are other ways in which hair tensile strength could have been measured. Hair products like shampoos have an effect on hair tensile strength. They are now designed to change hair strengths. Different makes of hair shampoos could be used. Strength could be measured in a similar way to how I measured it. A control will be also be needed, with hair with no products added. These modifications in Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show what the stress strain graphs should look like. In Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 the lines should not bend backwards. Statistical Test I will be using the (Chi squared test) X2. The formula for the Chi squared test is as follows: X2 = ? [(O E) 2 /E] O = Observed value E = Expected value The ((O E) 2) part of the formula considers the size of the difference between the observed and expected values. This difference could be either positive or negative. To avoid the mathematical problems associated with negative values, the difference is squared. The (E) part of the formula relates the size of the difference to the magnitude of the numbers involved. The sigma (? ) sum symbol is required because there is not just one pair of observed and expected values, but several (in this case four). By taking all the observed values of stress from tables 57, 58, 59 and 60, I can work out the expected value for each hair colour. I can then place these values in a table and work out the value for X2, using the chi squared formula. To calculate the degrees of freedom to be used can be found as follows: Number of categories minus 1. In this case: 4 1 = 3 The critical value (taken from critical values for the Chi squared test) at 3 degrees of freedom is 7. 81 (at the 5% level). The test statistic (X2 = 94. 235) is greater than the critical value(C. V = 7. 81, at the 5% significance level). We therefore can reject the null hypothesis and state there is a significant difference between the observed a Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Evaluating: (Skill D) Limitations The selotape holding hairs in the paperclip at the top and at the bottom could have interfered with the tertiary structure of the protein, keratin. This could have increased or decreased the bond attractions in the hair to cause the hair to have a high or low tensile stress. This would make my results unreliable. The hairs showing higher tensile stress may just be showing how sticky the selotape is and how strongly it is holding the hair structure together. This though, would affect all my results, as all hair samples had selotape on them to hold them together at the top and at the bottom. So, this limitation would affect all hairs making it a very weak limitation. My conclusion will not be affected as this limitation affects all hairs.   The time in between weights were added is another limitation. When each weight was added the hair stretched. But when there were a lot of weights on hair, the hair stretched quickly and then the length was measured. After I finished measuring the hair had slowly stretched a little bit more. So the measurement was wrong. When the next weight was added extra extension was added onto the new extension. My results were affected by this because some extensions were false making some data imprecise. Therefore, my conclusion will be invalid, because some hair samples could have broken at lower weights if I had waited for the hair to stretch, very slowly until it broke. There needed to be a time limit in which I had to record the extension of the hair, before adding the next weight to the hair. The eye piece graticule can be a limiting factor. Different people measured hair thickness and recorded it to what they felt the thickness ought to be according to the scale. It was not very clear to see how thick the hair was, as the hair was faded under the microscope at all magnifications and the outline was difficult to see. This could affect my results as the thickness of hairs was used to calculate the cross sectional area of the hairs, which was then used to calculate the tensile stress experienced by the hair. This could make my tensile stress values incorrect. My conclusion therefore could be affected; by making out that a certain coloured hair had a higher tensile stress than another coloured hair, when really it shouldnt have. This would make my conclusion unreliable.   There were different shades of hair colour, for example, there were light brown hair colours and dark brown hair colours. It was sometimes hard to distinguish between brown and blonde. This was the same for blonde hair. This would have an affect on the reliability and precision of my results making the accuracy of the strengths of different colours of colours of hair inaccurate. There should have been a certain shade of colour of hair (same amount of melanin in each brown hair) used for each colour sample. My conclusion will be imprecise because brown or blonde hair shades could cause incorrect results and make my conclusion incorrect.   The 10g mass is a limitation as the hair could break at lower masses than they actually did, for example a hair that broke at 50g could have broken at 41g, but I wouldnt know that as I only used 10g masses. So, I got false readings implying the hair is stronger than it actually is. If smaller masses were used my results would be much more accurate to make my conclusion reliable. This limitation could cause my conclusion to be invalid, causing the hairs strength and point on breaking higher or lower than it actually is. Conclusion After doing my statistical test I can reject my null hypothesis and accept my hypothesis and say that brown, blonde, ginger and black hairs differ in tensile strength. I have proved this difference in my calculations, mainly in graphs 1 and 6. From my results I can see that darker coloured has a higher tensile stress compared to lighter coloured hairs. In my hypothesis I said that lighter coloured hair would have a higher tensile strength than darker coloured hair, due to lighter coloured hair having sulphur-sulphide bonds, which are very strong. I have disproved this. Through testing all four colours of hair I can see that these strong sulphur bonds do not reflect any tensile strength qualities. Lighter coloured hair does not have an advantage over dark coloured hair when it comes to tensile strength. It mainly depends on the type of melanin the hair contains. The denser the melanin quantity is the stronger the hair.